Tonsil stones, also known as tonsilloliths, are small white or yellowish formations that develop in the folds of the tonsils. They consist of a combination of dead cells, trapped food debris, mucus, and bacteria. Although they might seem harmless initially, these stones can lead to discomfort and unpleasant symptoms, especially when they grow larger or appear frequently.

The most common and irritating symptom associated with tonsil stones is persistent bad breath, medically called halitosis. This unpleasant odor results from sulfur-producing bacteria that flourish in the mouth and tonsils. In addition to bad breath, people with tonsil stones might feel like something is stuck in their throat, experience mild throat pain, or have difficulty swallowing. Occasionally, the stones can be seen as tiny white or yellow spots on the tonsils.

Managing tonsil stones usually begins with maintaining good oral hygiene. Thorough brushing of teeth and tongue, staying well hydrated, and rinsing with salt water or mouthwash can help prevent and reduce stone formation. If a stone is visible and accessible, it can be gently removed using a cotton swab, though care must be taken to avoid damaging the delicate tonsil tissue.

For persistent or severe cases, medical treatment might be required. Antibiotics can decrease bacterial growth, and in chronic situations, a tonsillectomy—the surgical removal of the tonsils—may be advised. If tonsil stones are causing ongoing discomfort, consulting an ENT (ear, nose, and throat) specialist is recommended for proper diagnosis and long-term management.